Etiology of Eating Disorders A review of sociocultural, biological and Essay

Etiology of Eating Disorders A review of sociocultural, biological and environmental factors - Essay Example These include the socio-economic factors like cultural considerations of body image and media influence (the recent hype created by the sickly size zero models is a prominent example in this regard).These disorders are also caused by biological factors , in terms of genetics and hormonal problems which are generally aggravated by clinical depression and the traumatic time period of puberty especially for young teenage girls. Eating disorders remain a hazard for the emotional and physical well being of a patient. The modern society with its complex nuclear family systems and increasingly disturbed teenagers are increasingly threatened by ha Socio-cultural factors are the most highlighted by the media. ... such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, are characterized by abnormal eating patterns and typical psychopathological features, a drive for starving thinness.(Uher et al 2005). Also at times these disorders may lead to a complete deliberate disregard for any sustenance at all.(Uher et al. 2005). Medical Science has yet to reach a coherent and unchallenged conclusion regarding the current evidence that suggests that biological, environmental and social factors are important .(Panfilis et al 2003).The reason for this is that the relative influence of these broad factors is not uniform across all patient histories. Although a fair amount of discussion is devoted to the etiologies of the other disorders, the review avoids any discussion of the psychological factors which have been comprehensively reviewed by other literature. (Williamson 2004) Studies show that young boys and girls are restricting themselves from good , nutritious food in order to look like celebrities they admire (Williamson 2004).Also recent statistics show that the age of onset of the AN disorder is 14-19years (Fairburn 2003).Also it has been noted that most of the patients (almost 95%) are females (Van Hoeken 2003).Another interesting thing to note is that many anorexics will inevitably show patterns of bulimic behaviour and most bulimics will posses an anorexia problem in the past(Steinhausen 2002). Research on the connection between starvation and eating disorders (Crisp 1995) has pointed put how starvation and AN affect a human body in a similar way. In a recent Growing Up Today Study (GUTS) performed in the United States, it was found that 32% of girls and 20% of boys were trying to lose weight (Williamson 2004) Whereas some of participants of this study reported more severe

Waste Management Reseach Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Waste Management Reseach - Research Paper Example Sampling is concerned with selecting a section of the population (sample) to carry out research, in order to find out certain characteristic of a population. The objective of carrying out the sampling exercise will be to determine if there is any connection between operating street sweepers and contraction of chronic diseases. Random sampling method will be used. The sample population will consist of one hundred street sweeper operators and the same number of city staff who work in the office. Confidentiality of the informants will be paramount and no one will be required to give their names or any other personal information. They will have to give their consent before the experiment begins. The questionnaires will be administered to the two groups separately, together with focus group discussions. This method will be used because it is cheap and not time consuming. A set of questions will be administered to the target audience. The type of questions will include the number of years that they have been doing the street sweeper operator job, their medical history and other socio-demographic factors. The two groups of respondents will be required to fill in the questionnaires. The medical history will look at respiratory diseases such as bronchitis and asthma. End results will be presented in the form of graphs for analysis. If from the medical history, the street operators are proved to have acquired new infections, then, more studies will need to be conducted into the issue. The work environment of the street sweepers will therefore, be a hazard, requiring to be controlled or eliminated (Ericson, 2005). 2) What is the pel of the substances that you might detect? Permissible exposure limits are enforced to protect workers from the negative effects of being exposed to substances that are a hazard to their health. They are divided into two according to the United States Environmental Protection Agency; PM 10, basically are particulates with a diameter of less than ten microns in diameter. The other is PM 2.5, which are particulates with a diameter of less than 2.5 microns. Particulates with a diameter of less diameter are inhaled and easily absorbed into the cells of the body and consequently to the bloodstream. Consistent exposure to the particles will lead to contraction of respiratory diseases. The waste removed by the street sweeps is mainly composed of sulphates and nitrates from wearing out of roads and rubber form vehicle tires and gasoline combustion. Dust is also a crucial component, composed mainly of silica and metal. The following permissible exposure limits are established by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Sand has a permissible exposure limit of is 0.1mg/m3 , whose overexposure can lead to pulmonary diseases such as silicosis. The pel of dust, on the other hand is 15mg/m3 ,can also damage the respiratory system. 3) What are your recommendations? Occupational health and safety should be available to th e operators, which should among others include regular medical examination. Through these processes, infections will be able to be detected earlier on and treated. Other occupational health steps to reduce infections in the work place will include provision of protective gears such as masks (Sullivan, 2010); through such a process, infections will

A Journal opinion article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 7

A Journal opinion article - Essay Example n of the FED hinted at reducing asset purchases which currently stand at US$85billion according to ‘The Globe and Mail’ online newsfeed, has made investors to pull out their investments out of the emerging markets and prepare to buy the dollars readying to invest in the US markets (Reuters 2013). Domestic problems have not helped the situation get better; the unrests that have been experienced in the mining industry have worsened the strength of the rand. The closer of Lomnin mines unnerved investors forcing the large pull off witnessed in early may, and with the riots not seeming to end anytime soon and the negotiations still in progress, the rand seem likely to remain on low levels for the coming few months. Another issue that is ailing the south African rand is the widening trade deficit that the country has; according to end of April report, the12-month debt levels had reached a staggering ZAR134 billion which is approximately 6.5% of the country’s GDP. With the strikes in the mines and crisis in the Euro zone where South Africa mainly exports its manufactured goods to, the deficit problems is not likely to go away and with it the current trends in the rand are to be maintained. The import market in South Africa has suffered the greatest blow; importers of good from overseas have been forced to increase prices for their commodities, which have trickled down to the citizens in this middle-income country in Africa. Exporters, who some few years back were lobbying the central bank to weaken the rand have also suffered huge setbacks in their business as they have to pay more to import the heavy machineries that are used in mining and manufacturing industries. The South African chamber for commerce is also not very optimistic about the situation as it reported lower confidence levels in the markets in the last two months. Most of the firms that depend on imports and goods for the high-end consumers have had to cut on their costs that includes laying off

Critically assess the main implications of globalisation for HRM, and Essay

Critically assess the main implications of globalisation for HRM, and analyse the future challenges for people management within - Essay Example Most organisational systems in today’s global markets have had a continued decrease in investment. This happens amid the increasing middle level organisations’ call for more foreign direct investment and securing market positions in the competitive market. As a result, organisations have been forced to redefine their strategies. â€Å"Therefore, it is important for organisations to adapt to the changing environments, develop a resistance to negative market forces in an effort to achieve customer satisfaction† (Amos, 2008). Within the changing environment, human resource managers owe to formulate quick and immediate human resource strategies that will help an organisation retain its personnel while helping them develop their profession through training and seminars. There are enormous challenges surrounding the future of people management in any organisation setting. This calls for sufficient and constant attention on management of resources regardless of positive trends in results that often cause excessive optimism in the future financial status of the company. In fact, there is a need for a continuous development of effective Human resource plan and implementation at all levels. In so doing, the human resource should develop its capacity operationally as well as strategically. This should be done in a manner that compliments changes in an organisation while at the same time maintaining a strategic balance. In this case, sound human resource policies need to be put in place first before attempting more complicated changes in company practices are implemented. Introduction Globalization is the integration of the entire operations, processes and strategies of an organization in an effort to generate diversity of cultures, goods, services and facts. Since, globalization strongly emphasizes on diversity, it has a deep effect on the manner in which companies manages its operations and workers. Therefore, it is vital for the executive to underst and the impact globalisation has on human resource management. â€Å"Globalisation entails efforts meant to increase the flow of goods and resources across regional and international borders† (Amos, 2008). Moreover, globalisation encompasses the surfacing of corresponding organisational structures with a view to expand international financial activities and dealings. Human resource management has never received proper attention it deserves in today’s global economy. Most human resource managers lack basic skills of organisational management more importantly due to globalisation. It is important to note that business environment is a complex one today. The market has become more competitive and complex than it used to be due to globalisation. It is because of this competition and complexity that businesses strive to survive by focusing hard on competitive strengths in an effort to develop long term strategies for them. It has now emerged that most organisations have sta rted moving away from old ways owing to their inappropriateness in today’s competitive market. Indeed the new market environment calls for a new approach in human resource management as this saves organisations in the face of the upcoming global environment. â€Å"Numerous human resource management challenges have come up due to the rapid growth in business trends in the past few

Project management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 10

Project management - Essay Example The aim of this report is to develop a project management plan for Biz Group based on the project problem statement identified above. Project is defined as â€Å"a unique, finite set of multiple activities intended to accomplish a specific goal† (Tayntor, 2010:3). Practically every project is comprised of key milestones which represent a simple life cycle. Project life cycle is characterized by the Project Management Institute’s PMBOK as a process containing the following key levels: Project StartïÆ'  Initiating Processes ïÆ'   Planning Processes ïÆ'   Executing Processes ïÆ'   Closing Processes ïÆ'   Project End (Kendrick 2010:58). Project management plan is based on three key pillars (scope, time, and money), forming thus a triangle of three objectives. However, in order to start any project it is necessary to receive authorization of the project. Project Authorization is a general process of verifying a proposed project for initiation and further development, which aims to confirm feasibility and cost-effectiveness of the project (Taskmanagementguide.com, 2014). The Charter of the Project is recognized to be the single most important document in a project, as it establishes the project and summarizes the key information related to the project (Tayntor, 2010). The project â€Å"Documentum† was initiated by the Biz Group management with the purpose to implement a standardized process for monitoring, updating and publishing unstructured and paper based content used in various department manuals by providing an automated system. Below is provided a brief summary of the Project â€Å"Documentum† Project Objective: to automate the Manuals and Training material, approval process with the help of workflows and finally publish it to all relevant applications, documents and people thorough electronic means CEO of Biz Group: The CEO of Biz Group

Full Ingreated Marketing Communication Plan Essay

Full Ingreated Marketing Communication Plan - Essay Example Its production has always been customer oriented backed by efficient result oriented real time research. It has an excellent management with a visionary marketing team who believes on thinking different and being ahead of competition. The team is aware of the marketing channels that can profit them more in terms of level of liquidity, goodwill and customer loyalty. It started it journey with an agriculture based vehicle which was renowned by the name Land Rover. In 1970, it came out with its first Range Rover. It was the first civilized vehicle manufactured by Land Rover keeping in mind the customers’ comfort. The models of the brand are the result of efficient customer insight and extensive research done by Land Rover. The car has been famous as a luxurious and fashionable 4*4 car. Market segment is one of the most important considerations for marketing communication. Since, Land Rover is a luxurious car; it is mostly focused on high income communities who have the means and the passion towards cars. Looking at its 4*4 feature, it is segmented under family car version of cars and its main target customers will be big old age personalities with family because it is they, who give importance to family and have time for them to be together and wish to travel together. They are also a segment who mostly gives high preference to comfort and quality then looks and fashion. Land Rover provides comfort, quality and luxurious status to its customers. The globalization has its impending effect on Land Rover that had many positive and negative effects for the company. Most important had been the fierce competition that started in the decade of 80’s. Its first competition was with Japanese automobile company like Mitsubishi and their manufactured general utility cars followed by BMW and many others. Land Rover had a whole lot of models that started with the name Land Rover itself followed by discovery

Cognitive and Language Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cognitive and Language Development - Essay Example (Jumpstart Tulsa, 2009). Although the lower portion of the brain is well developed at birth to support a child's initial survival, the upper portion is not. This portion contains a brain structure called the cerebral cortex which is responsible for human attributes such as memory, attention, perceptual awareness, thought, language, and consciousness. Synaptic connections in the cerebral cortex are developed and peaks during elementary school age. Beginning middle school age to adolescence, the number of synapses decline to adult levels (Zero to Three, 2009). According to B.F. Skinner, the father of behaviorism, language is learned through reinforcement and imitation. According to the behaviorist theory, like any other behavior, language has to be taught and positively reinforced otherwise, it cannot be learned. This theory is not widely accepted because it does not consider the biological aspects of language acquisition. According to Chomsky and his nativist theory, children have an innate language acquisition device and that it is in their nature to learn a language because of the presence of language areas in the brain, the sensitive period for language development and a child's ability to invent a new language system.